World+War+One+Notes

World War One

Age of Imperialism 1850-1910 Pre WWI in Europe

1900’s British Empire - England and British Isles, India,, Australia, Canada, parts of Africa, and parts of China (Hong Kong)

Germany/Prussia Austrian/Hungarian (AH) Didn’t have a seaport (disadvantage)

Ottoman Empire - Turkey and Persia (Iraq, Iran, and S. Arabia)

European Alliances (Secret Alliances)

Serbia and Russia

Austria and Hungry and Germany

England and Russia

France and Russia

Germany and Turkey

Italy and Turkey

Events leading to WWI

1914 -Germany

A/H --Archduke Ferdinand was assasinated by a serbian

A/H issues an ultimatum to Serbia Serbia asks Russia for help

Russia “mobilizes” toward the A/H border

Germany declares War on Russia Germany Declares War on France and invades (neutral) Belgium in right flanking manuever designed to defeat France.

A/H wipes out Serbia

England and France Declare War on Germany A/H declares war on Russia

“The Battle of Frontiers” - 27,000 French Soliders die on this single day in offensive movement east of Paris, towards the German Border.

Russia border --”Battle of Tennenberg” German Victory led by Erich Ludendorff and Paul Von Hindenburg

First Battle of the Marne - halts German invasion in France

First Trenches of the Western front are dug (France side of Germany)

1915

War becomes Total War with German Zeppelin air raid on England

Germany declares submarine blockade of Great Britain. Any ship approaching is considered a target.

Allies begin battle for turkish penisula of Gallipoli

Turkey declares War on England

1917- Sinking of the British ship the Luisitania 128 hundred americans die/Germany blamed

3 weeks later/ telegram supposedly sent by Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to attack U.S.

Public Opinion forced the U.S. President Wilson to declare war on Germany

Germany responds to US anger by ceasing to sink ships without warning.

Britians use gas in battle but shifting winds cause 60,000 in causlitites

1916 1918- Peace Treaty signed - Treaty of Versailles ends WWI

Treaty of Versailles Germany blamed for WWI Germany gave up (disbanded) its Army Germany had to give coalfields to France (Rhur Valley) Germany had to make reparation payments Many New countries were made (Ex) Poland and Czechoslovakia Formation of the League of Nations Lacked any Military Power

Germany Post WW1 - (1919-1925)

-Many different governments during this time period repeated elections -Dozens of political parties with different ideas

Chaos - out of control - Government tried to meet demands of the treaty

Causes Economy to collaspe -- begins WWII

Triple Alliance Germany A/H Itlay Turkey

Triple Entente

France England Russia

Technology Advancement New Weapons

Airplanes - Red Barron Balloons - Zepellins Submarines - U -boats Tanks Machine Guns Hand Grenades Field Cannons Chemical Warfare other?

Russia dropped out of war in 1917

New type of Warfare = Trench warfare

2-3 years of the war was fought in “No mans land” 60 -100 miles wide areas of NE France

United States - Isolationist - Not involved/ foreign affairs